Biography
He was born in Maadinah in the 3rd year of Hijra (3 H / 624 AD) He died in 49 H / 669 AD Anyone who said he died in 50 H / 670 M. He is the grandson of Prophet Muhammad SAW, from his daughter Fatimah az- Zahra. The name Hasan gives the name of the gift of his grandfather the Prophet Muhammad, while his father, Ali, originally named him Harb. He stayed with the Messenger of Allah until the age of 7 years, ie until the day of the death of the Prophet.
The love of Rasulullah to him
The Prophet's love for him and his brother Husein ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, depicted in several narrations. As for example, when at one time the Prophet was speaking, Rasulullah SAW down from the pulpit to help Hasan who fell because he hung on his cloak. At that time the Prophet only said to the friends, "Let your wealth and your children be a tempter." In another narration the Prophet let his grandson rest his back while he was prostrated in prayer. The passion of Rasululla's love for his grandson is illustrated in a narration, "Hasan and Husein gave me a taste of the world."
War
Hasan had been on a conquest expedition to North Africa and Tabaristan during the Caliph of Uthman ibn Affan. He became a knight who participated in protecting the caliphs from rebel attacks. Hasan also participated in Jamal and Siffin Wars with his father, and joined his father's advisory staff when he became Caliph.
After live Khalifah Ali Bin Abi Talib
After live Khalifah Ali ibn Abi Talib, some people of Arabia, Iraq, and Persia membaiat Hasan as the fifth caliph. But Hasan was not ambitious for the post, so that three months after the baptizing event Hasan surrendered his authority to Muawiyyah bin Abi Sufyan on condition; Mu'awiyyah did not hold a grudge against the people who were his supporters, guaranteeing security and forgiving their mistakes; taxes from Ahwaz, one of the districts of Persia, were reserved for Hasan; Mu'awiyyah paid a compensation of 5 million dirhams from the Kufa treasurer in addition to 1 million dirhams each year and grants for his brother, Hussein, for 2 million dirhams. Mu'awiyyah approved the request and in 41 H / 661 M Mu'awiyyah came to Kufa to accept the surrender. So the year is called "Year of Unity" ('Am al-jama'ah), because there is only one leadership, that is Mu'awiyyah.
When Hasan's supporters condemned the transfer of power to Mu'awiyyah, Hasan replied that he was unwilling to watch people kill each other for power. He said, "The essence of the power of the Arabs is in my hands today. They are willing to peace if I am peaceful and they are ready to fight if I want to. But I do not want bloodshed. "
Hasan's death
He died poisoned al-Ja'dah bint Asy'as bint Qais al-Yamani. In literatus it is mentioned that no less than 70 mercenaries are sent Mu'awiyah to kill Hasan, this is because so that the compensation load does not continually flow to Hasan. In the Shi'ite literature it is mentioned that the Mu'awiyyah people drove 70 arrows into Hasan's body before being buried.
Hasan's wives
Among the lucky women to be his wives were Haulah bint Manzur al-Fujjariyah who deposed the son of Hasan bin Hasan, Umm Ishaq bint Talhah bin Ubaidillah who sent Talhah bin Hasan, Ummu Basyar bint Mas'ur al-Ansary who sent down Zaid bin Hasan, Ja ' dah binti Ash'as bin Qais, Hind bin Suhail bin Umar and Hafsah bint Abdurrahman bin Abi Bakar.
Hasan also married the women of Bani Kalb, the son of Amr ibn Ahtam, the Saqif woman who gave birth to Amr, and the women of Bani Syaiban from the noble family of Hammah bin Murrah who because of having a khawarij understanding immediately dialaknya.
Hasan's children
The son of Imam Hasan is eleven, that is; Zaid, al-Hasan, al-Qasim, Abu Bakr, Abdullah, Amr, Abdurrahman, al-Husein who was dubbed asy-Asyram, Muhammad, Ya'qub and Isma'il.
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